Pharmacol Biochem Behav 32:777–785Ĭowen MS, Chen F, Lawrence AJ (2004) Neuropeptides: implications for alcoholism. J Clin Psychiatry 67:247–57Ĭostall B, Jones BJ, Kelly ME, Naylor RJ, Tomkins DM (1989) Exploration of mice in a black and white test box: validation as a model of anxiety. Experientia 51:16–18Ĭonway KP, Compton W, Stinson FS, Grant BF (2006) Lifetime comorbidity of DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders and specific drug use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:566–576Ĭonstantopoulos A, Papadaki-Papandreou U, Papaconstantinou E (1995) Increased beta-endorphin but not Leu-enkephalin in plasma due to preoperative stress.
Neuropsychopharmacology 31:204–211Ĭompton WM, Thomas YF, Stinson FS, Grant BF (2007) Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Q J Stud Alcohol 33:33–64Ĭhong RY, Oswald L, Yang X, Uhart M, Lin PI, Wand GS (2006) The Micro-opioid receptor polymorphism A118G predicts cortisol responses to naloxone and stress. Neuroendocrinology 42:148–152Ĭappell H, Herman CP (1972) Alcohol and tension reduction. Brain Res 99:10–14īuckingham JC (1986) Stimulation and inhibition of corticotrophin releasing factor secretion by endorphin. Neuropeptides 16:33–40īrown M (1986) Corticotropin releasing factor: central nervous system sites of action. Clin Psychol Rev 26:162–178īronstein DM, Akil H (1990) In vitro release of hypothalamic beta-endorphin (beta E) by arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and 5-hydroxytryptamine: evidence for release of opioid active and inactive beta E forms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23:387–397īradizza CM, Stasiewicz PR, Paas ND (2006) Relapse to alcohol and drug use among individuals diagnosed with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: a review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21:728–31īowers BJ, Owen EH, Collins AC, Abeliovich A, Tonegawa S, Wehner JM (1999) Decreased ethanol sensitivity and tolerance development in gamma-protein kinase C null mutant mice is dependent on genetic background. Psychopharmacol Bull 16:51–52īoyadjieva NI, Sarkar DK (1997) The role of cAMP in ethanol-regulated beta-endorphin release from hypothalamic neurons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:1081–1088īloom FE (1980) The endorphins: natural peptides for pain, pleasure, and other purposes. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 5:485–501īarrenha GD, Chester JA (2007) Genetic correlation between innate alcohol preference and fear-potentiated startle in selected mouse lines. Endocrinology 144:1753–1760Īmario A (2006) The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: what can it tell us about stressors. Alcohol 12:531–534Īppleyard SM, Hayward M, Young JI, Butler AA, Cone RD, Rubinstein M, Low MJ (2003) A role for the endogenous opioid beta-endorphin in energy homeostasis. These data suggest that β-E moderates the response to stressful stimuli and supports the hypothesis that this peptide influences the behavioral effects of EtOH.Īguirre JC, del Arbol JL, Rico J, Raya J, Mirand MT (1995) Classification of alcoholics on the basis of plasma b-endorphin concentration. However, mice lacking β-E demonstrated an exaggerated anxiolytic response to EtOH in these assays.
ENDORPHIN LEARNING EDITION RESOURCES PLUS
We observed a direct relationship between β-E levels and the percentage of entries into open arms of the Plus Maze as well as the time spent in either the open arms or the light compartment of the Light–Dark box during basal conditions, suggesting that this peptide normally inhibits anxious behavior.
Subsequent tests evaluated behavior 20 min after administration of intraperitoneal saline or EtOH (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg). MethodsĪnxious behavior was evaluated for male and female heterozygous, wild-type, and β-E knockout mice using the Light–Dark Box and Plus Maze assays. We sought to determine the influence of β-E on the stress response by evaluating basal measures of anxiety as well as on EtOH-induced anxiolytic behavior using transgenic mice that differ with respect to β-E. The opioid peptide β-endorphin (β-E) is synthesized by the pro-opiomelanocortin gene in response to environmental stressors and alcohol administration and is implicated in the behavioral sequelae associated with these stimuli.
0 kommentar(er)
